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28 Mar 2008 | 4 min. (756 words)

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General Series - Chemistry Fact Sheet - 3

General Series - Chemistry Fact Sheet - 3

General series
Order
Why ?
1.
I > II > III
There is intermolecular H-bonding I. III has weak force of attraction and is most volatile.
2. B.P. of o, m, p-nitro phenol
o < m < p
Intramolecular H-bonding in o-isomer makes it more volatile.
3. Reactivity of … with Tollen’s reagent

I > II > IV > III
—CHO group is easily oxidised compared to keto group due to redusing hydrogen.
4. Reactivity of … with Fehling’s solution
I > II > IV > III
—do—
5. Extent of hydration of
I < II < III < IV
Aldehydes are more hydrated than ketones. Halide makes C of carbonyl group more electropositive.
6. Electrophilic nature of …….. for nucleophilic attack
I > II > III
CH3 group decreases +ve charge on C hence nucleophilic attack.
7. Reactivity of isomeric 1°, 2°, 3° butyl halide towards elimination (E1 or E2)
3° < 2° < 1°
due to stability of intermediate carbocation
8. Dehydration of
IV < I < II < III
Alcohol leading to increase in conjugation due to dehydration is more easily dehydration is more easily dehydrated. IV is vinylic, hence least.
9. Stability of    
 
I < II < III < IV
< V < VI
Substituted alkenes are more stable.More the alkyl groups are attached to the doubly bonded carbon atom more
is the stability.
10. Stability of
I < III < II
II is more substituted than III (More hyperconjugation more stability)
11. Stability of
III > II > I > IV
IV is vinylic while in conjugative, II allylic.
12. Stability of
I < IV < II < III
III is 3° allylic and II is 1° allylic
13. Dehydration of
1°, 2°, 3° isomeric butyl alcohol
3° < 2° < 1°
More the stability of intermediate, greater the reactivity of chemical reaction.
14. Boiling points of
II > I > III
I, II have H-bonding but electronegativity of O > N hence H-bonding in II > I
15. Formation of
I > II > III > IV
(easiest I)
greater the stability, easier the formation of perticular species.
16. Reactivity of C—H bond (abstraction of H)    
 
I < II < III < IV
< V < VI
Vinyl < methyl 1° < 2° < 3° < allylic
17. Leaving nature (tendency) of … in SN reaction.
I < II < III ~ IV
< V < VI < VII
< VIII
If acid is strong, its conjugate base is weak and greater the leaving tendency.
18. Rate of esterification of the following acids with MeOH
I > II > III > IV
> V
As the size of the substituents on the —C increases, the tetrahedrally bonded interme. diate becomes more crowded and these slower the rate.
19. Relative reactivity of … with electrophile in SE reaction
   
 
I > II > IV
> III > V
—CH3 is o-, p-directing and responsible for activation.
20. Relative reactivity of these compunds with electrophile inSE reaction

II > I > III > IV
—CH3 is o-, p-directing due to activation while —COOH is m-directing and deactivating group.
21. Relative reactivity of … with electrophile in SE reaction.
II > I > IV > II
As the number of sp3 hybridised C atoms separating the ring from the positively charged substituent increases, deactivating effect decreases due to less electronegativity.
22. Activating effects of the following o, p-directors.
II > I > III
is best able to donate electrons there by giving a very stable uncharged intermediate. In cross conjugation diminished its ability to donate electrons to an arenium ion.
23. Relative reactivity of … towards SN1 reaction
II > I > III
Intermediates are benzylic cations. So CH3O(electron repelling) gives greater stability through delocalisation while NO2 (electron attracting) decreases stability.
24. Relative reactivity of … towards SN1 and SN2 reaction
SN1 :
III > II > I
SN2 :
II < II < I
SN1 : 1° < 2° < 3° alkyl halide

SN2 : 3° < 2° < 1° alkyl halide
25. Relative reactivity of … with E+ (electrophile) in SE reaction.
II > I > III
—NO2 deactivates benzene ring for SE
     
26. Order of SN2 reactivity of alkoxide nucleophiles    
 
I < IV < V < III
< II
SN2 reactivity is suseptible to steric hindrance by the nucleophile as well as by the size of alkyl group.

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